1.Define transportation system.

Ans:

transportation system is defined as ‘ planning, designing, constructing, and maintaining a successful network of either roads, railways, waterways or airways’.

2.Modes of transportation system

Ans:

there are four modes of transportation:
   1. Roadways
   2. Railways
   3. Waterways
   4. Airways

3.Explain merits and demerits of roadways.

Ans:

1. Merits of roadways:
   a) They provides door to door service.
   b) It is economical from common man’s point of view.
   c) Help in providing medical aid to remote places.
   d) They help in price stabilizztion of commodities.
2. demerits of roadways:
   a) suitable for short distance only.
   b) limitations on the bulk transport because of other traffic on roads.
   c) rates of accidents are very high.
   d) because of bulk and presence of traffic there is restriction on speed.

4. What are the major departments of railway in India?

Ans:

the major department in the railway:
   1. Engineering department
   2. Mechanical departments
   3. Transportation
   4. Staff
   5. Finance

5.define permanent way.

Ans:

the combination of rails, fitted on sleepers and resting on ballast and subgrades is called permanent way.

6.Comparison between roadways and railways.

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7. Name the components of railway track.

Ans:

components of railway track are:
  1. Subgrade
  2. Ballast
  3. Sleepers
  4. Rails
  5. Fixtures and fastning

8.Explain merits and demerits of airways.

Ans:

merits of airways:
  1. Very sophisticated and fast mode of transport.
  2. Plays important role in war-time defence of country.
  3. Earns national revenue in the form of tourism and passenger traffic.
  4. A wide-spread to air transport network is a sign of development of nation.
Demerits of airways:
  1. The system is costly.
  2. Investment in setting up of infrastructure like airports, hangers, control tower is very high.
  3. The climatic factors, like storms, fog, rainfall,etc. also affect the routine of air transport.

9. Explain merits and demerits of waterways.

Ans:

merits of waterways:
   1. Economic mode of transport.
   2. It can carry heavy loads over long distance suitable for bulky materials like oil, coal, timber, foodgrains, etc.
   3. Less power is required.
   4. Canals transportation provides enviromnt friendly mode of transport.
Demerits of waterways:
   1. This mode is time consuming as ships move with slow speed.
   2. Climatic factor play an important role. Storms, hurricanes may damage the cargo.
   3. Environmental problems are created and marine life affected if a large container for example oil is wrecked.