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[MCQ]-Image processing and Machine Vision

Module 1

1. The spatial coordinates of a digital image (x,y) are proportional to:
a) Position
b) Brightness
c) Contrast
d) Noise

Answer: b

2. Among the following image processing techniques which is fast, precise and flexible.
a) Optical
b) Digital
c) Electronic
d) Photographic

Answer: b

3. An image is considered to be a function of a(x,y), where a represents:
a) Height of image
b) Width of image
c) Amplitude of image
d) Resolution of image

Answer: c

4. What is pixel?
a) Pixel is the elements of a digital image
b) Pixel is the elements of an analog image
c) Pixel is the cluster of a digital image
d) Pixel is the cluster of an analog image

Answer: a

5. The range of values spanned by the gray scale is called:
a) Dynamic range
b) Band range
c) Peak range
d) Resolution range

Answer: a

6. Which is a colour attribute that describes a pure colour?
a) Saturation
b) Hue
c) Brightness
d) Intensity

Answer: b

7. Which gives a measure of the degree to which a pure colour is diluted by white light?
a) Saturation
b) Hue
c) Intensity
d) Brightness

Answer: a

8. Which means the assigning meaning to a recognized object.
a) Interpretation
b) Recognition
c) Acquisition
d) Segmentation

Answer: a

9. A typical size comparable in quality to monochromatic TV image is of size.
a) 256 X 256
b) 512 X 512
c) 1920 X 1080
d) 1080 X 1080

Answer: b

10. The number of grey values are integer powers of:
a) 4
b) 2
c) 8
d) 1

Answer: b

11. What is the first and foremost step in Image Processing?
a) Image restoration
b) Image enhancement
c) Image acquisition
d) Segmentation

Answer: c

12. In which step of processing, the images are subdivided successively into smaller regions?
a) Image enhancement
b) Image acquisition
c) Segmentation
d) Wavelets

Answer: d

13. What is the next step in image processing after compression?
a) Wavelets
b) Segmentation
c) Representation and description
d) Morphological processing

Answer: d

14. What is the step that is performed before color image processing in image processing?
a) Wavelets and multi resolution processing
b) Image enhancement
c) Image restoration
d) Image acquisition

Answer: c

15. How many number of steps are involved in image processing?
a) 10
b) 9
c) 11
d) 12

Answer: a

16. What is the expanded form of JPEG?
a) Joint Photographic Expansion Group
b) Joint Photographic Experts Group
c) Joint Photographs Expansion Group
d) Joint Photographic Expanded Group

Answer: b

17. Which of the following step deals with tools for extracting image components those are useful in the representation and description of shape?
a) Segmentation
b) Representation & description
c) Compression
d) Morphological processing

Answer: d

18. In which step of the processing, assigning a label (e.g., “vehicle”) to an object based on its descriptors is done?
a) Object recognition
b) Morphological processing
c) Segmentation
d) Representation & description

Answer: a

19. What role does the segmentation play in image processing?
a) Deals with extracting attributes that result in some quantitative information of interest
b) Deals with techniques for reducing the storage required saving an image, or the bandwidth required transmitting it
c) Deals with partitioning an image into its constituent parts or objects
d) Deals with property in which images are subdivided successively into smaller regions

Answer: c

20. What is the correct sequence of steps in image processing?
a) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Compression->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Morphological processing->Segmentation->Representation & description->Object recognition
b) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Segmentation->Representation & description->Object recognition
c) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Color image processing->Image restoration->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Segmentation->Representation & description->Object recognition
d) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Representation & description->Segmentation->Object recognition

Answer: b

21. To convert a continuous sensed data into Digital form, which of the following is required?
a) Sampling
b) Quantization
c) Both Sampling and Quantization
d) Neither Sampling nor Quantization

Answer: c

22. To convert a continuous image f(x, y) to digital form, we have to sample the function in __________
a) Coordinates
b) Amplitude`
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

23. For a continuous image f(x, y), how could be Sampling defined?
a) Digitizing the coordinate values
b) Digitizing the amplitude values
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

24. For a continuous image f(x, y), Quantization is defined as
a) Digitizing the coordinate values
b) Digitizing the amplitude values
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

25. Validate the statement:
“For a given image in one-dimension given by function f(x, y), to sample the function we take equally spaced samples, superimposed on the function, along a horizontal line. However, the sample values still span (vertically) a continuous range of gray-level values. So, to convert the given function into a digital function, the gray-level values must be divided into various discrete levels.”
a) True
b) False

Answer: a

26. How is sampling been done when an image is generated by a single sensing element combined with mechanical motion?
a) The number of sensors in the strip defines the sampling limitations in one direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction.
b) The number of sensors in the sensing array establishes the limits of sampling in both directions.
c) The number of mechanical increments when the sensor is activated to collect data.
d) None of the mentioned.

Answer: c

27. How does sampling gets accomplished with a sensing strip being used for image acquisition?
a) The number of sensors in the strip establishes the sampling limitations in one image direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction
b) The number of sensors in the sensing array establishes the limits of sampling in both directions
c) The number of mechanical increments when the sensor is activated to collect data
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

28. How is sampling accomplished when a sensing array is used for image acquisition?
a) The number of sensors in the strip establishes the sampling limitations in one image direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction
b) The number of sensors in the sensing array defines the limits of sampling in both directions
c) The number of mechanical increments at which we activate the sensor to collect data
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

29. The quality of a digital image is well determined by ___________
a) The number of samples
b) The discrete gray levels
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

30. A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.
a) random
b) vertex
c) contour
d) sampling

Answer: d

31. The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called ______________
a) Quantisation
b) Sampling
c) Rasterisation
d) None of the Mentioned

Answer: a

32. Images quantised with insufficient brightness levels will lead to the occurrence of ____________
a) Pixillation
b) Blurring
c) False Contours
d) None of the Mentioned

Answer: c

33. The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ____________
a) Intensity Resolution
b) Contour
c) Saturation
d) Contrast

Answer: a

34. What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?
a) Sampling
b) Interpolation
c) Filters
d) None of the Mentioned

Answer: b
35. The type of Interpolation where for each new location the intensity of the immediate pixel is assigned is ___________
a) bicubic interpolation
b) cubic interpolation
c) bilinear interpolation
d) nearest neighbour interpolation

Answer: d

36. The type of Interpolation where the intensity of the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to obtain intensity a new location is called ___________
a) cubic interpolation
b) nearest neighbour interpolation
c) bilinear interpolation
d) bicubic interpolation

Answer: b

37. Dynamic range of imaging system is a ratio where the upper limit is determined by
a) Saturation
b) Noise
c) Brightness
d) Contrast

Answer: a

38. For Dynamic range ratio the lower limit is determined by
a) Saturation
b) Brightness
c) Noise
d) Contrast

Answer: c

39. Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the following ways
a) line pairs
b) pixels
c) dots
d) none of the Mentioned

Answer: d

40. How many categories does the color image processing is basically divided into?
a) 4
b) 2
c) 3
d) 5

Answer: b

41. What are the names of categories of color image processing?
a) Full-color and pseudo-color processing
b) Half-color and full-color processing
c) Half-color and pseudo-color processing
d) Pseudo-color and Multi-color processing

Answer: a

42. What are the basic quantities that are used to describe the quality of a chromatic light source?
a) Radiance, brightness and wavelength
b) Brightness and luminence
c) Radiance, brightness and luminence
d) Luminence and radiance

Answer: c

43. What is the quantity that is used to measure the total amount of energy flowing from the light source?
a) Brightness
b) Intensity
c) Luminence
d) Radiance

Answer: d

44. What are the characteristics that are used to distinguish one color from the other?
a) Brightness, Hue and Saturation
b) Hue, Brightness and Intensity
c) Saturation, Hue
d) Brightness, Saturation and Intensity

Answer: a

45. What are the characteristics that are taken together in chromaticity?
a) Saturation and Brightness
b) Hue and Saturation
c) Hue and Brightness
d) Saturation, Hue and Brightness

Answer: b

46. Which of the following represent the correct equations for trichromatic coefficients?
a) x=X/(X+Y+Z), y=Y/(X+Y+Z), z=Z/(X+Y+Z)
b) x=(Y+Z)/(X+Y+Z), y=(X+Z)/(X+Y+Z), z=(X+Y)/(X+Y+Z)
c) x=X/(X-Y+Z), y=Y/(X-Y+Z), z=Z/(X-Y+Z)
d) x=(-X)/(X+Y+Z), y=(-Y)/(X+Y+Z), z=(-Z)/(X+Y+Z)

Answer: a

47. What do you mean by tri-stimulus values?
a) It is the amount of red, green and yellow needed to form any particular color
b) It is the amount of red, green and indigo needed to form any particular color
c) It is the amount of red, yellow and blue needed to form any particular color
d) It is the amount of red, green and blue needed to form any particular color

Answer: d

48. What is the value obtained by the sum of the three trichromatic coefficients?
a) 0
b)-1
c) 1
d) Null

Answer: c

49. What is the name of area of the triangle in C.I E chromatic diagram that shows a typical range of colors produced by RGB monitors?
a) Color gamut
b) Tricolor
c) Color game
d) Chromatic colors

Answer: a

50. Color model is also named as (another name):
a) Color space
b) Color gap
c) Color space & color system
d) Color system

Answer: c

51. What do you mean by the term pixel depth?
a) It is the number of bits used to represent each pixel in RGB space
b) It is the number of bytes used to represent each pixel in RGB space
c) It is the number of units used to represent each pixel in RGB space
d) It is the number of mm used to represent each pixel in RGB space

Answer: a

52. How many bit RGB color image is represented by full-color image?
a) 32-bit RGB color image
b) 24-bit RGB color image
c) 16-bit RGB color image
d) 8-bit RGB color image

Answer: b

53. What is the equation used to obtain S component of each RGB pixel in RGB color format?
a) S=1+3/(R+G+B) [min⁡(R,G,B)].
b) S=1+3/(R+G+B) [max⁡(R,G,B)].
c) S=1-3/(R+G+B) [max⁡(R,G,B)].
d) S=1-3/(R+G+B) [min⁡(R,G,B)].

Answer: d

54. What is the equation used to obtain I(Intensity) component of each RGB pixel in RGB color format?
a) I=1/2(R+G+B)
b) I=1/3(R+G+B)
c) I=1/3(R-G-B)
d) I=1/3(R-G+B)

Answer: b

55. What is the equation used for obtaining R value in terms of HSI components?
a) R=I[1-(S cos⁡H)/cos⁡(60°-H) ].
b) R=I[1+(S cos⁡H)/cos(120°-H)].
c) R=I[1+(S cos⁡H)/cos⁡(60°-H) ].
d) R=I[1+(S cos⁡H)/cos(30°-H) ].

Answer: c

56. What is the equation used for calculating B value in terms of HSI components?
a) B=I(1+S)
b) B=S(1-I)
c) B=S(1+I)
d) B=I(1-S)

Answer: d

57. What is the equation used for calculating G value in terms of HSI components?
a) G=3I-(R+B)
b) G=3I+(R+B)
c) G=3I-(R-B)
d) G=2I-(R+B)

Answer: a

58. Which of the following color models are used for color printing?
a) RGB
b) CMY
c) CMYK
d) CMY and CMYK

Answer: d

Module 2

1. If x(n) and X(k) are an N-point DFT pair, then x(n+N)=x(n).
a) True
b) False

Answer: a

2. If x(n) and X(k) are an N-point DFT pair, then X(k+N)=?
a) X(-k)
b) -X(k)
c) X(k)
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

3. If X1(k) and X2(k) are the N-point DFTs of X1(n) and x2(n) respectively, then what is the N-point DFT of x(n)=ax1(n)+bx2(n)?
a) X1(ak)+X2(bk)
b) aX1(k)+bX2(k)
c) eakX1(k)+ebkX2(k)
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

4

Answer: d

5. If x(n) is a real sequence and X(k) is its N-point DFT, then which of the following is true?
a) X(N-k)=X(-k)
b) X(N-k)=X*(k)
c) X(-k)=X*(k)
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

6

Answer: b

7

Answer: a

8

Answer: c

9. What is the circular convolution of the sequences X1(n)={2,1,2,1} and x2(n)={1,2,3,4}?
a) {14,14,16,16}
b) {16,16,14,14}
c) {2,3,6,4}
d) {14,16,14,16}

Answer: d

10. What is the circular convolution of the sequences X1(n)={2,1,2,1} and x2(n)={1,2,3,4}, find using the DFT and IDFT concepts?
a) {16,16,14,14}
b) {14,16,14,16}
c) {14,14,16,16}
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

11. If X(k) is the N-point DFT of a sequence x(n), then circular time shift property is that N-point DFT of x((n-l))N is X(k)e-j2πkl/N.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a

12. If X(k) is the N-point DFT of a sequence x(n), then what is the DFT of x*(n)?
a) X(N-k)
b) X*(k)
c) X*(N-k)
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

13. Haar transformation is defined by
a.T = HFHT
b.T = HFH
c.T = HFT
d.T = HT

Answer:a

Module 3

1. A pixel p at coordinates (x, y) has neighbors whose coordinates are given by:
(x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1)
This set of pixels is called ____________
a) 4-neighbors of p
b) Diagonal neighbors
c) 8-neighbors
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

2. A pixel p at coordinates (x, y) has neighbors whose coordinates are given by:
(x+1, y+1), (x+1, y-1), (x-1, y+1), (x-1, y-1)
This set of pixels is called ____________
a) 4-neighbors of p
b) Diagonal neighbors
c) 8-neighbors
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

3. What is the set of pixels of 8-neighbors of pixel p at coordinates (x, y)?
a) (x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1), (x+2, y), (x-2, y), (x, y+2), (x, y-2)
b) (x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1), (x+1, y+1), (x+1, y-1), (x-1, y+1), (x-1, y-1)
c) (x+1, y+1), (x+1, y-1), (x-1, y+1), (x-1, y-1), (x+2, y+2), (x+2, y-2), (x-2, y+2), (x-2, y-2)
d) (x+2, y), (x-2, y), (x, y+2), (x, y-2), (x+2, y+2), (x+2, y-2), (x-2, y+2), (x-2, y-2)

Answer: b

4. Two pixels p and q having gray values from V, the set of gray-level values used to define adjacency, are m-adjacent if:
a) q is in N4(p)
b) q is in ND(p) and the set N4(p) ∩ N4(q) has no pixels whose values are from V
c) Any of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

5. Let S, a subset of pixels in an image, is said to be a connected set if:
a) If for any pixel p in S, the set of pixels that are connected to it in Sis only one
b) If it only has one connected component
c) If S is a region
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

6. Let R be a subset of pixels in an image. How can we define the contour of R?
a) If R is a region, and the set of pixels in R have one or more neighbors that are not in R
b) If R is an entire image, then the set of pixels in the first and last rows and columns of R
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

7. For pixels p(x, y), q(s, t), and z(v, w), D is a distance function or metric if:
a) D(p, q) ≥ 0
b) D(p, q) = D(q, p)
c) D(p, z) ≤ D(p, q) + D(q, z)
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

8. For pixels p(x, y), q(s, t), the Euclidean distance between p and q is defined as:
a) D(p, q) = [(x – s)2 + (y – t)2]1/2
b) D(p, q) = |x – s| + |y – t|
c) D(p, q) = max (|x – s| + |y – t|)
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

9. For pixels p(x, y), q(s, t), the city-block distance between p and q is defined as:
a) D(p, q) = [(x – s)2 + (y – t)2]1/2
b) D(p, q) = |x – s| + |y – t|
c) D(p, q) = max (|x – s| + |y – t|)
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

10. For pixels p(x, y), q(s, t), the chessboard distance between p and q is defined as:
a) D(p, q) = [(x – s)2 + (y – t)2]1/2
b) D(p, q) = |x – s| + |y – t|
c) D(p, q) = max (|x – s| + |y – t|)
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

11. The domain that refers to image plane itself and the domain that refers to Fourier transform of an image is/are :
a) Spatial domain in both
b) Frequency domain in both
c) Spatial domain and Frequency domain respectively
d) Frequency domain and Spatial domain respectively

Answer: c

12. The principal factor to determine the spatial resolution of an image is _______
a) Quantization
b) Sampling
c) Contrast
d) Dynamic range

Answer: b

13. What causes the effect, imperceptible set of very fine ridge like structures in areas of smooth gray levels?
a) Caused by the use of an insufficient number of gray levels in smooth areas of a digital image
b) Caused by the use of huge number of gray levels in smooth areas of a digital image
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

14. What is the name of the effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of gray levels in smooth areas of a digital image?
a) Dynamic range
b) Ridging
c) Graininess
d) False contouring

Answer: d

15. Using rough rule of thumb, and assuming powers of 2 for convenience, what image size are about the smallest images that can be expected to be reasonably free of objectionable sampling checkerboards and false contouring?
a) 512*512pixels and 16 gray levels
b) 256*256pixels and 64 gray levels
c) 64*64pixels and 16 gray levels
d) 32*32pixels and 32 gray levels

Answer: b

16. What does a shift up and right in the curves of isopreference curve simply means? Verify in terms of N (number of pixels) and k (L=2k, L is the gray level) values.
a) Smaller values for N and k, implies a better picture quality
b) Larger values for N and k, implies low picture quality
c) Larger values for N and k, implies better picture quality
d) Smaller values for N and k, implies low picture quality

Answer: c

17. How does the curves behave to the detail in the image in isopreference curve?
a) Curves tend to become more vertical as the detail in the image decreases
b) Curves tend to become less vertical as the detail in the image increases
c) Curves tend to become less vertical as the detail in the image decreases
d) Curves tend to become more vertical as the detail in the image increases

Answer: d

18. For an image with a large amount of detail, if the value of N (number of pixels) is fixed then what is the gray level dependency in the perceived quality of this type of image?
a) Totally independent of the number of gray levels used
b) Nearly independent of the number of gray levels used
c) Highly dependent of the number of gray levels used
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

19. What is a band-limited function?
a) A function of limited duration whose highest frequency is finite
b) A function of limited duration whose highest frequency is infinite
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

20. For a band-limited function, which Theorem says that “if the function is sampled at a rate equal to or greater than twice its highest frequency, the original function can be recovered from its samples”?
a) Band-limitation theorem
b) Aliasing frequency theorem
c) Shannon sampling theorem
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

21. What is the name of the phenomenon that corrupts the sampled image, and how does it happen?
a) Shannon sampling, if the band-limited functions are undersampled
b) Shannon sampling, if the band-limited functions are oversampled
c) Aliasing, if the band-limited functions are undersampled
d) Aliasing, if the band-limited functions are oversampled

Answer: c

22. How aliasing does corrupts the sampled image?
a) By introducing additional frequency components to the sampled function
b) By removing some frequency components from the sampled function
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

23. How can one reduce the aliasing effect on an image?
a) By reducing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image
b) By increasing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image
c) By reducing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the image
d) By increasing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the image

Answer: a

24. In terms of Sampling and Quantization, Zooming and Shrinking may be viewed as ___________
a) Oversampling for both
b) Oversampling and Undersampling respectively
c) Undersampling and Oversampling respectively
d) Undersampling for both

Answer: b

25. The two steps: one is the creation of new pixel locations, and other is the assignment of gray levels to those new locations are involved in ____________
a) Shrinking
b) Zooming
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

26. While Zooming, In order to perform gray-level assignment for any point in the overlay, we assign its gray level to the new pixel in the grid its closest pixel in the original image. What’s this method of gray-level assignment called?
a) Neighbor Duplication
b) Duplication
c) Nearest neighbor Interpolation
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

27. A special case of nearest neighbor Interpolation that just duplicates the pixels the number of times to achieve the desired size, is known as ___________
a) Bilinear Interpolation
b) Contouring
c) Ridging
d) Pixel Replication

Answer: d

28. Nearest neighbor Interpolation has an undesirable feature, that is _________
a) Aliasing effect
b) False contouring effect
c) Ridging effect
d) Checkerboard effect

Answer: d

29. What does the bilinear Interpolation do for gray-level assignment?
a) Assign gray level to the new pixel using its right neighbor
b) Assign gray level to the new pixel using its left neighbor
c) Assign gray level to the new pixel using its four nearest neighbors
d) Assign gray level to the new pixel using its eight nearest neighbors

Answer: c

30. Row-column deletion method of Image Shrinking is an equivalent process to which method of Zooming?
a) Bilinear Interpolation
b) Contouring
c) Pixel Replication
d) There is no such equivalent process

Answer: c

31. Image Shrinking has an undesirable feature, that is ____________
a) Aliasing effect
b) False contouring effect
c) Ridging effect
d) Checkerboard effect

Answer: a

32. State for the validation of the statement:
“In general-purpose for a digital image of zooming and shrinking, where Bilinear Interpolation generally is the method of choice over nearest neighbor Interpolation”.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a

33

Answer: d

34. What is the sum of all components of a normalized histogram?
a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

35

Answer: c

36

Answer: b

37

Answer: d

38. The transformation s = T(r) producing a gray level s for each pixel value r of input image. Then, if the T(r) is single valued n interval 0 ≤ r ≤ 1, what does it signifies?
a) It guarantees the existence of inverse transformation
b) It is needed to restrict producing of some inverted gray levels in output
c) It guarantees that the output gray level and the input gray level will be in same range
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a

39. The transformation s = T(r) producing a gray level s for each pixel value r of input image. Then, if the T(r) is monotonically increasing in interval 0 ≤ r ≤ 1, what does it signifies?
a) It guarantees the existence of inverse transformation
b) It is needed to restrict producing of some inverted gray levels in output
c) It guarantees that the output gray level and the input gray level will be in same range
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b

40. The transformation s = T(r) producing a gray level s for each pixel value r of input image. Then, if the T(r) is satisfying 0 ≤ T(r) ≤ 1 in interval 0 ≤ r ≤ 1, what does it signifies?
a) It guarantees the existence of inverse transformation
b) It is needed to restrict producing of some inverted gray levels in output
c) It guarantees that the output gray level and the input gray level will be in same range
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c

41. What is the full form for PDF, a fundamental descriptor of random variables i.e. gray values in an image?
a) Pixel distribution function
b) Portable document format
c) Pel deriving function
d) Probability density function

Answer: d

42. What is the full form of CDF?
a) Cumulative density function
b) Contour derived function
c) Cumulative distribution function
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

43

Answer: c

44

Answer: c

45. If the histogram of same images, with different contrast, are different, then what is the relation between the histogram 45ualized images?
a) They look visually very different from one another
b) They look visually very similar to one another
c) They look visually different from one another just like the input images
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

46. The technique of Enhancement that has a specified Histogram processed image as result, is called?
a) Histogram Linearization
b) Histogram Equalization
c) Histogram Matching
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

47. In Histogram Matching r and z are gray level of input and output image and p stands for PDF, then, what does pz(z) stands for?
a) Specific probability density function
b) Specified pixel distribution function
c) Specific pixel density function
d) Specified probability density function

Answer: d

48. Inverse transformation plays an important role in which of the following Histogram processing Techniques?
a) Histogram Linearization
b) Histogram Equalization
c) Histogram Matching
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

49. In Histogram Matching or Specification, z = G-1[T(r)], r and z are gray level of input and output image and T & G are transformations, to confirm the single value and monotonous of G-1 what of the following is/are required?
a) G must be strictly monotonic
b) G must be strictly decreasing
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

50. Which of the following histogram processing techniques is global?
a) Histogram Linearization
b) Histogram Specification
c) Histogram Matching
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

51. What happens to the output image when global Histogram equalization method is applied on smooth and noisy area of an image?
a) The contrast increases little bit with considerable enhancement of noise
b) The result would have a fine noise texture
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

52. Let us suppose an image containing a quite small square under a large dark square with both having very close gray level values. If an image contains some of this such that the small squares can’t be visualized and some noise blurred enough to reduce its noise content as shown in fig. below, Which of the following method would be preferred for obtaining the small square clear enough?
digital-image-processing-questions-answers-online-quiz-q7
Figure: original image.
a) Global histogram equalization
b) Local histogram equalization
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
53. In terms of enhancement, what does mean and variance refers to?
a) Average contrast and average gray level respectively
b) Average gray level and average contrast respectively
c) Average gray level in both
d) Average contrast in both
Answer: b

54

Answer: b

55

Answer: b

56

Answer: a

57. What is standard deviation value for constant area?
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

58. For a local enhancement using mean and variance, what happens if the lowest value of contrast is not restricted as per the willingness of acceptance of value?
a) There wouldn’t be any enhancement
b) Enhancement will occur for areas with standard deviation value > 1
c) Enhancement of the constant areas will also be the part of procedure
d) Enhancement will occur for areas with standard deviation value > 0 and < 1

Answer: c

Module 4

1. 1

Answer: d

2. 2

Answer: d

3. 3

Answer: d

4. 4

Answer: b

5. 5

Answer: b

6. 6

Answer: a

7. 7

Answer: b

8. 8

Answer: c

9. 9

Answer: d

10. 10

Answer: a

11. 11

Answer:a

12. 12

Answer: a

13. 13

Answer: a

14. 14

Answer: c

15. 15

Answer: b

16. 16

Answer: d

17. 17

Answer: c

18. 18

Answer: d

19. 19

Answer: b

20. 20

Answer: d

21. 21

Answer: c

22. 22

Answer: c

23. 23

Answer: b

24. 24

Answer: a

25. 25

Answer: a

26. 26

Answer: a

27. 27

Answer: c

28. 28

Answer: b

29. 29

Answer: a

30. 30

Answer: c

Module 5

1. Canny edge detection algorithm is based on
a. ideal model
b. step edge
c. real model
d. smoothing model

Answer: b

2. 2

Answer: c

3. 3

Answer: a

4. 4

Answer: a

5. 5

Answer: b

6. 6

Answer: a

7. 7

Answer: b

8. 8

Answer: d

9. 9

Answer: a

10. 10

Answer: a

11. 11

Answer: c

12. For edge detection we use
a. Shape transition
b. Sign transition
c. Color transition
d. Intensity transition

Answer: B

13. Edge detection has fundamental.
a. 2 points
b. 3 points
c. 4 points
d. None of these

Answer: B

14. . For diagonal edge detection we use
a. 1D mask
b. 2D mask
c. 3D mask
d. 4D mask

Answer: B

15.Thresholding is the example of
a. Continuity
b. Similarity
c. Recognition
d. Discontinuity

Answer: B

16. In the sense of predicate two regions of the image must be
a. Same
b. Different
c. Overlapped
d. Disjoin

Answer: B

17. First derivatives in image segmentation produces
a. Thick edge
b. Thin edge
c. Fine edge
d. None of the above

Answer: A

18. Thresholding formulation measures difference between
a. 2 neighbors
b. 4 neighbors
c. 6 neighbors
d. 8 neighbors

Answer: D

19. Segmentation is difficult for images that are
a. Trivial
b. Non trivial
c. Illuminated
d. Low resolution

Answer: B

20. Segmentation is a process of
a. Low level process
b. Edge level process
c. Mid level process
d. High level process

Answer: C

21. Segmentation algorithms depends on intensity values’
a. Discontinuity
b. Similarity
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above

Answer: C

22. When the desired object is detected segmentation should be
a. Paused
b. Stopped
c. Cleared
d. Continued

Answer: B

23. First derivatives in image segmentation produces
a. Thin edge
b. Thick edge
c. Fine edge
d. Rough edge

Answer: B

24. Tuple is referred to as
a. 1D vector
b. 2D vector
c. 3D vector
d. 4D vector

Answer: B

25. Sets in morphology are referred to as image’s
a. Objects
b. Frames
c. Pixels
d. None of the above

Answer: A

26. SE in the morphology process is called
a. Software engineering
b. Structuring elements
c. Structure eliminate
d. None of the above

Answer: B

27. Reflection of the rectangular SE is always
a. Square
b. Translated
c. Symmetric
d. Asymmetric

Answer: C

28. Digital function derivatives are defined as
a. Addition
b. Division
c. Differences
d. Multiplication

Answer: C

29. Examples of similarity approach in segmentation are
a. Region growing
b. Region splitting
c. Extraction
d. Both A and B

Answer: D

30. Segmentation is a process of
a. Low level process
b. High level process
c. Edge level process
d. Mid level process

Answer: D

31. Accuracy of image segmentation can be improved by the type of:
a. Image
b. Division
c. Processes
d. Sensors

Answer: D

Module 6

1. What enables people to recognize people, animals and inanimate objects reliably?
a) Speech
b) Vision
c) Hear
d) Perception

Answer: b

2. How many types of recognition are there in artificial intelligence?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: c

3. Which are recognized by vision?
a) Objects
b) Activities
c) Motion
d) Both Objects & Activities

Answer: d

4. Which provides a framework for studying object recognition?
a) Learning
b) Unsupervised learning
c) Supervised learning
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

5. Which object recognition process is an error-prone process?
a) Bottom-up segmentation
b) Top-down segmentation
c) Both Bottom-up & Top-down segmentation
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

6. Which is the only way to learn about the different kinds of human faces?
a) Perception
b) Speech
c) Learning
d) Hearing

Answer: c

7. What can be represented by using histograms or empirical frequency distributions?
a) Words
b) Color
c) Texture
d) Both Color & Texture

Answer: d

8. Which can be deformed into alignment using simple coordinate transformations?
a) Matching
b) Deformable matching
c) Feature
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b

9. Which describes the coarse arrangement of the rest of the shape with respect to the point?
a) Shape
b) Context
c) Shape context
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c

10. How the distance between two shapes can be defined?
a) Weighted sum of the shape
b) Size of the shape
c) Shape context
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

11. Which of the following clustering type has characteristic shown in the below figure?
data-science-questions-answers-clustering-q1
a) Partitional
b) Hierarchical
c) Naive bayes
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

12. Point out the correct statement.
a) The choice of an appropriate metric will influence the shape of the clusters
b) Hierarchical clustering is also called HCA
c) In general, the merges and splits are determined in a greedy manner
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

13. Which of the following is finally produced by Hierarchical Clustering?
a) final estimate of cluster centroids
b) tree showing how close things are to each other
c) assignment of each point to clusters
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: b

14. Which of the following is required by K-means clustering?
a) defined distance metric
b) number of clusters
c) initial guess as to cluster centroids
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: d

15. Point out the wrong statement.
a) k-means clustering is a method of vector quantization
b) k-means clustering aims to partition n observations into k clusters
c) k-nearest neighbor is same as k-means
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c

16. Which of the following combination is incorrect?
a) Continuous – euclidean distance
b) Continuous – correlation similarity
c) Binary – manhattan distance
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d

17. Hierarchical clustering should be primarily used for exploration.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a

18. Which of the following function is used for k-means clustering?
a) k-means
b) k-mean
c) heatmap
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a

19. Which of the following clustering requires merging approach?
a) Partitional
b) Hierarchical
c) Naive Bayes
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

20. K-means is not deterministic and it also consists of number of iterations.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a

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